Intelligent Tutoring Systems
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Spring 2006 Outline

This class is being developed based on the course User-Adaptive Systems and Intelligent Learning Environments by Cristina Conati at UBC in Winter 2003-2004, and on the Intelligent Tutoring Systems course taught by Neil Heffernan

DateTopic(s)Reading Assignment
1/9/06Introduction AAAI's introduction to Intelligent Tutoring Systems. In particular:
  • Eric Thomas's brief intro to Intelligent Tutoring Systems
  • Applications of AI in Education By Joseph Beck, Mia Stern, and Erik Haugsjaa. ACM Crossroads (student magazine of the Association for Computing Machinery), 1996.
  • See Bloom for a discussion of tutoring as the most effective teaching method:
    • Bloom, BS, "The 2 Sigma problem: The Search for Methods of Group Instruction as Effective as One-to-One Tutoring" [1984] Educational Researcher 4-16.
1/11/06 The Q-matrix Method
1/1/06 Ms. Lindquist Algebra Tutor
1/23/06 How to Read a Research Paper
1/25/06 Adaptive Support to Learning: Model Tracing Coaches
  • Koedinger, K. R., Anderson, J. R., Hadley, W. H., & Mark, M. A. (1995). Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education (1997), 8,30-43 (until p. 38, section 3 excluded. Reading the additionl 5 pages is highly recommended, but not required).
  • Barnes slides
1/30/06 >Adaptive Support to Learning: Student Modeling
  • VanLehn. K.(1988). Student Modeling. In M.C. Polson and J.J Richardson, Foundations of Intelligent Tutoring Systems, (pp55-78).
  • Self. , J. Bypassing the intractable problem of student modeling. In C. Frasson and G. Gauthier (eds.). Intelligent tutoring systems: at the crossroad of artificial intelligence and education (pp.107-123). Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corporation
  • Barnes slides
2/1/06 Adaptive Support to Learning: Student Modeling
2/6/06 Intro. to Learning Styles & HCI
  • Lumsdaine, Edward and Monika. "The four quadrant brain model of thinking preferences." Chapter 3 in Creative Problem Solving. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1995. (This book summarized the work of Ned Hermann, David Kolb, and Bernice McCarthy.)
  • Norman, Don. (1990). The design of everyday things. New York: Doubleday, pp. 1-33,75-104.
Optional readings:
  • Howard Gardner, Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice. Chapter 1. New York: Basic Books, 1993.
  • Robert Ennis, "A Taxonomy of Critical Thinking Dispositions and Abilities," in Teaching Thinking Skills. Robert Stermberg, ed. New York: WH Freeman and Company, 1987.
  • Bernice McCarthy, The 4MAT System. Barrington, IL: EXCEL, Inc., 1987.
2/8/06 Learning Styles, HCI, and ITS Design Discussion questions:
  • Compare this learning style system to the ones in the Hermann and 4MAT models.
  • How do we incorporate material for each kind of learner in an ITS?
  • What are some ways we can adapt to learners in ITSs?
  • How do we incorporate Norman's Design principles into ITS design?
    • 2/13/06 Using Think-Alouds to understand student thinking
    • Koedinger, K.R., & Anderson, J.R. (1993a). Reifying implicit planning in geometry: Guidelines for model-based intelligent tutoring system design. In Lajoie, S., & Derry, S. (Eds.) Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
      http://act-r.psy.cmu.edu/publications/pubinfo.php?id=224

    • Koedinger, K. R., Aleven, V., Heffernan. T., McLaren, B. & Hockenberry, M. (2004) Opening the Door to Non-Programmers: Authoring Intelligent Tutor Behavior by Demonstration. Proceedings of 7th Annual Intelligent Tutoring Systems Conference, Maceio, Brazil. page162-173.
      http://ctat.pact.cs.cmu.edu/pubs/KoedingerEtAlTutorToolsITS2004.pdf


    • Check out the Projects page. My plan is to have the class work on making a cognitive tutor to replace the one on NovaNET. Email me if you are interested in building a different type of tutor.
    Optional Further Background Reading:
    • Koedinger, K. R., Anderson, J.R., Hadley, W.H., & Mark, M. A. (1997). Intelligent tutoring goes to school in the big city. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 8, 30-43.
      http://nth.wpi.edu/PapersByOthers/Koedigner-SchoolInBigCity.pdf
    • Gertner, A., Conati, C., & VanLehn, K. (1998). Procedural help in Andes: Generating hints using a Bayesian network student model (pp. 106-111), In Proceedings of the 15th national Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. [8 pgs.]
      http://www.pitt.edu/~vanlehn/distrib/Papers/AAAI98Abigail.pdf
    • Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    • Cristina Conati, Abigail S. Gertner, Kurt VanLehn, Marek J. Druzdzel (1997) On-Line Student Modeling for Coached Problem Solving Using Bayesian Networks In Anthony Jameson, Cécile Paris, and Carlo Tasso (Eds.), User Modeling: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference,UM97. Vienna, New York: Springer Wien New York. © CISM, 1997. Available online from http://um.org, or http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/conati97line.html
    • Chabay, R. W., & Sherwood, B. A. (1992). A practical guide for the creation of educational software. In Larkin, J. H. and Chabay, R. W. (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • Shute, V. J., & Psotka, J. (1996). Intelligent tutoring systems: Past, Present and Future. In D. Jonassen (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Educational Communications and Technology : Scholastic Publications. [80 pages] - For a wider approach to ITS. See Slides by Cristina Conati.
    • Eberts, R. E. (1997). Computer-based instruction. In Helander, M. G., Landauer, T. K., & Prabhu, P. V. (Ed.s) Handbook of Human-Computer Interaction, (pp. 825-847). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science B. V.
    Seminal Books:
    • Wenger, E. (1987). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: Computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Los Altos, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. Especially Chapter 1 and 2.
    • Sleeman, D. H., & Brown, J. S. (1982). Intelligent Tutoring Systems. New York, NY: Academic Press.
    • Donovan, M. S., Bransford, J. D., & Pellegrino, J.W. (1999). How people learn: Bridging research and practice. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Chapter 1, 10 and 11.
    • Bloom, B. S. (1984). The 2 sigma problem: The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to-one tutoring. Educational Researcher, 13, 4-16. [13 pgs.]
    2/15/06 Using Think-Alouds to understand student thinking; Logic Proofs
    2/20/06Formal Logic Proofs
    2/22/06Review of Logic Educational Tools
    2/27/06Historical Background & Cognitive Modeling Optional:
    • Ritter, F. & Feurzeig, W. (1988). Teaching real-time tactical thinking (pp. 285-301). In J. Psotka, L. D. Massey & S. A. Mutter (Eds.) Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    3/1/06Cognitive Modeling
    • Anderson,J. R. (1993). Rules of the mind. Hillsdale, NJ.
      Parts to read: Chapter 1 (pages 1-10) “Production Systems and the ACT-R Theory” and Chapter 2 (pages 17-20, 25-44) “Knowledge Representation”.
    • Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S.E.(1989).Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics.In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser.Hillsdale,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
       (Nearly identical article at http://nth.wpi.edu/classes/cs525t_tutoring_systems/PaperForClass/CogntiveAppreticeship.htm
    3/13/06ITS Design Principles
    3/15/06Tutor Interface Design
    • Dugdale (1992). In Larkin, J. H. and Chabay, R. W. (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    • Chabay, R. W., & Sherwood, B. A. (1992). A practical guide for the creation of educational software. In Larkin, J. H. and Chabay, R. W. (Eds.), Computer-Assisted Instruction and Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Shared Goals and Complementary Approaches. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
    3/20/06Educational Data Mining
    3/22/06Difficulty Factor Assessments
    3/27/06Difficulty Factor Assessments
    3/29/06Logic Tutor Project Planning
    • Project Slides
    • Assignment: send your expertise to the Yahoo! Group, and which parts of the project you are most interested in working on, from the list.
    4/3/06Logic Tutor: Expert Introduction Dr. Marvin Croy:
    4/5/06Cognitive Mastery Learning and Knowledge Tracing Optional additional reading:
    • Albert T. Corbett and Akshat Bhatnagar. Student modeling in the ACT programming tutor: Adjusting a procedural learning model with declarative knowledge. In Anthony Jameson, Ccile Paris, and Carlo Tasso, editors, User Modeling: Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, UM97, pages 243--254. Springer, Vienna, New York, 1997. Available from http://www.um.org and http://citeseer.ist.psu.edu/corbett97student.html
    4/10/06Logic Production Rules
    • We analyzed the expert rules given by Dr. Croy for extraction.
    4/12/06
    4/17/06Constraint Based Modeling Optional:
  • Suraweera, P. & Mitrovic, A. (2002) KERMIT: a Constraint-based Tutor for Database Modeling. in Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2002
    • 4/19/06Tutor Authoring Optional:
    4/24/06Pedagogical Agents & JESS
    4/28/06Meta-cognition
    5/1/06Symposium on the Future of Visualization Conference
    • Final Project Description Revision Due!
    5/8/06Final Exam Period, 3:30-6:30 pm